Effects of macroconsumers on benthic communities: Rapid increases in dry-season accrual of calcium in a tropical karst stream.

Species loss from upper trophic levels can result in some major changes in community structure and ecosystem functions. Here, we experimentally excluded macroconsumers (e.g., fish and shrimp) in a Brazilian karst tropical stream during the dry season to investigate if their loss affected the accrual of calcium, dry mass (DM) and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of sediment, benthic invertebrates, and chlorophyll-a. We found that the exclusion of macroconsumers decreased accrual of calcium. The absence of fish and shrimp may have promoted increased grazing by mayflies and snails in the electrified treatment as expressed by the depressed calcium accrual and shift in periphyton community composition. However, the exclusion of macroconsumers had no effect on DM and AFDM, chlorophyll-a, or total abundance of invertebrates. Our findings shed new light on the impact of macroconsumer loss and consequences for calcium accrual in karstic streams.

Abundance and seasonality of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Southern Pantanal, Brazil.

Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), known as the secondary screwworm, occurs in the Americas and has medical-veterinary and forensic importance. This study aimed to describe the seasonal fluctuation of this species in the Pantanal region, Central-Western Brazil. From December 2004 to November 2007 fly catches using four windoriented traps baited with decaying bovine liver were carried out at the Nhumirim ranch, Nhecolândia subregion, Southern Pantanal. Traps remained active throughout the study period and collections were carried out on a weekly basis. A total of 159,397 Calliphoridae were caught and C. macellaria (57.33%) was the most abundant species. C. macellaria occurred all over the year showing a bimodal behavior with peaks in May-July (late autumn/early winter) and October-December (spring).

Abundance and seasonality of Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Southern Pantanal, Brazil / Sazonalidade de Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, Brasil

Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), known as the secondary screwworm, occurs in the Americas and has medical-veterinary and forensic importance. This study aimed to describe the seasonal fluctuation of this species in the Pantanal region, Central-Western Brazil. From December 2004 to November 2007 fly catches using four windoriented traps baited with decaying bovine liver were carried out at the Nhumirim ranch, Nhecolândia subregion, Southern Pantanal. Traps remained active throughout the study period and collections were carried out on a weekly basis. A total of 159,397 Calliphoridae were caught and C. macellaria (57.33 percent) was the most abundant species. C. macellaria occurred all over the year showing a bimodal behavior with peaks in May-July (late autumn/early winter) and October-December (spring).

Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), conhecida como mosca-varejeira, ocorre no continente americano e apresenta importância médico-veterinária e forense. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a flutuação sazonal dessa espécie na região do Pantanal. De dezembro/2004 a novembro/2007 foram realizadas coletas de dípteros na fazenda Nhumirim, sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal sul-mato-grossense. Foram utilizadas quatro armadilhas orientadas pelo vento, iscadas com fígado bovino deteriorado. As armadilhas permaneceram ativas durante todo o período de estudo, e coletas foram realizadas semanalmente. Foram capturados 159.397 califorídeos, sendo C. macellaria (57,33 por cento) a espécie mais abundante. C. macellaria foi observada em todos os meses do ano, apresentando comportamento bimodal com picos populacionais em maio/julho (final de outono/início de inverno) e outubro/dezembro (primavera).

[Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) relative abundance and species seasonality in the Pantanal, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. / Abundância relativa e sazonalidade de espécies de Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense, Brasil

Species of the genus Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) play an important role in public health due to myiasis and transmission of enteropathogens. This study aimed to estimate the relative abundance and seasonality of the three Chrysomya species (C. albiceps, C. putoria, and C. megacephala) that occur in the Pantanal region. The flies were caught by four Wind Oriented Traps, baited with decayed bovine liver. Traps were kept active all over the study carried out from December 2004 to November 2007 at Nhumirim ranch, located at the Nhecolândia subregion, Southern Pantanal. A total of 159,086 Calliphoridae flies were collected and 31.87% of them belonged to the genus Chrysomya. Among calliphorid dipterans the most abundant species was C. albiceps (30.86%), followed by C. megacephala (0.67%), and C. putoria (0.34%). The three Chrysomya species showed similar seasonal fluctuations with two annual population peaks observed in June-August and October-December.

Abundância relativa e sazonalidade de espécies de Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) no Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense, Brasil / Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae) relative abundance and species seasonality in the Pantanal, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

As espécies do gênero Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) exercem papel importante na saúde pública por causarem miíases e por veicularem enteropatógenos. Este estudo visou estimar a abundância relativa e a sazonalidade das três espécies de Chrysomya (C. albiceps, C. putoria e C. megacephala) que ocorrem no Pantanal. Os dípteros foram capturados em quatro armadilhas orientadas pelo vento (Wind Oriented Trap - W.O.T.), iscadas com fígado bovino deteriorado. As armadilhas foram mantidas ativas durante todo o estudo, realizado na fazenda Nhumirim, base experimental da Embrapa Pantanal, sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. No período de dezembro/2004 a novembro/2007, foram capturados 159.086 espécimes de Calliphoridae, sendo 31,87 por cento do gênero Chrysomya. A espécie mais abundante do gênero foi C. albiceps (30,86 por cento), seguida de C. megacephala (0,67 por cento) e C. putoria (0,34 por cento). As três espécies apresentaram flutuações sazonais semelhantes, com dois picos populacionais anuais, observados entre junho e agosto e entre outubro e dezembro.

Species of the genus Chrysomya Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) play an important role in public health due to myiasis and transmission of enteropathogens. This study aimed to estimate the relative abundance and seasonality of the three Chrysomya species (C. albiceps, C. putoria, and C. megacephala) that occur in the Pantanal region. The flies were caught by four Wind Oriented Traps, baited with decayed bovine liver. Traps were kept active all over the study carried out from December 2004 to November 2007 at Nhumirim ranch, located at the Nhecolândia subregion, Southern Pantanal. A total of 159,086 Calliphoridae flies were collected and 31.87 percent of them belonged to the genus Chrysomya. Among calliphorid dipterans the most abundant species was C. albiceps (30.86 percent), followed by C. megacephala (0.67 percent), and C. putoria (0.34 percent). The three Chrysomya species showed similar seasonal fluctuations with two annual population peaks observed in June-August and October-December.